Class X

                               India's Physical Features

Important terms :-

A sub continent is a big geographical unit which stands out distinctly from the rest of the continent .

This is often referred to the Indian sub continent because India occupies a major part of it .

A small narrow , step sided valley through which a river flows is called a Gange .

Kapid is a place in a stream or a river where the current flows very fast over obstructions .

Estuary is an arm of the sea at the mouth of the river .

Lagoons are salt water lakes which are almost separated from the sea by the formation of sand bar

along the coast .

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Differentiate between the following :-

Western Ghats                                                                Eastern  Ghats

They are higher                                                               They are lower 

They rise steeply from the West coast                             They rise gently from the east coast 

The hills are continuous                                                   Hills are discontinuous

All the rivers of the Deccan  plateau rise in this area         Rivers cut valleys through them

Lies along the Arabian Sea                                              Lies along the Bay of Bengal

Western coastal plains                                                     Eastern coastal plains

It lies along the Arabian Sea                                            It lies along the Bay of Bengal

It is narrow and uneven                                                   It is wider and more level

It has Estuaries and Lagoons                                           It has fertile deltas of rivers

It is known as the Konkan coast in Goa,Kanara              It is known as Northern Circars in the 

coast in Karnataka and Malabar coast in Kerala              north and Coromandel coast in the south

Rivers of North India                                                      Rivers of South India   

Longer and slow moving                                                 Shorter and fast moving

Perennial rivers fed by melting show & Monsoon            Seasonal river and rain fed only

Navigable , gently flowing and smooth                             Not navigable as they flow fast

Suitable as a source of irrigation as they are perennial       Not suitable for irrigation as they are

                                                                                       seasonal

Eastern Himalayas                                                           Western Himalayas

Runs North to South                                                       Runs West to East

Elevation is comparatively less                                         Elevation is more

Rise in altitude is sudden                                                  Rise in altitude is gradual

Class VIII B

                               The Indian Sub - Continent

Important terms :-

A sub continent is a big geographical unit which stands out distinctly from the rest of the continent .

This is often referred to the Indian sub continent because India occupies a major part of it .

A small narrow , step sided valley through which a river flows is called a Gange .

Kapid is a place in a stream or a river where the current flows very fast over obstructions .

Estuary is an arm of the sea at the mouth of the river .

Lagoons are salt water lakes which are almost separated from the sea by the formation of sand bar

along the coast .

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Differentiate between the following :-

Western Ghats                                                                Eastern  Ghats

They are higher                                                               They are lower 

They rise steeply from the West coast                             They rise gently from the east coast 

The hills are continuous                                                   Hills are discontinuous

All the rivers of the Deccan  plateau rise in this area         Rivers cut valleys through them

Lies along the Arabian Sea                                              Lies along the Bay of Bengal

Western coastal plains                                                     Eastern coastal plains

It lies along the Arabian Sea                                            It lies along the Bay of Bengal

It is narrow and uneven                                                   It is wider and more level

It has Estuaries and Lagoons                                           It has fertile deltas of rivers

It is known as the Konkan coast in Goa,Kanara              It is known as Northern Circars in the 

coast in Karnataka and Malabar coast in Kerala              north and Coromandel coast in the south

Rivers of North India                                                      Rivers of South India   

Longer and slow moving                                                 Shorter and fast moving

Perennial rivers fed by melting show & Monsoon            Seasonal river and rain fed only

Navigable , gently flowing and smooth                             Not navigable as they flow fast

Suitable as a source of irrigation as they are perennial       Not suitable for irrigation as they are

                                                                                       seasonal

Eastern Himalayas                                                           Western Himalayas

Runs North to South                                                       Runs West to East

Elevation is comparatively less                                         Elevation is more

Rise in altitude is sudden                                                  Rise in altitude is gradual

Class VII B Geography

                               The Indian Sub - Continent

Exercise G : Give reasons for :

Ans 1 : Due to tectonic plates movements the crust of the Tethyas Sea was compressed to form the      

            Himalayas  

         

Ans 2 : It is not only India that is under the sole control of the monsoon wind because the Himalayas form an 

            arc in the North cutting out all other climatic influences .

Ans 3 : River Ganga drains the melt water of the Himalayan snow because it rises from Gangotri glacier

           at a height of 6000 metres on the Himalayas . It also drains the Monsoon rain water of the Deccan            

           because Chambal and Betwa are the right bank tributaries of the  Yamuna .

Ans 4 : Many rivers rise from the Western Ghats and flow across to the east because the Deccan Plateau

                  from West to East cutting deep valleys making it a dissected plateau .

Ans 5 : The Rann of Kachchh is a salt marsh in Gujarat . During high tide , it is covered by a few metres

             of sea water . The sea water is then evaporated in salt pans .

Exercise I : Compare the following pairs (page no 139 )      

Ans 1 : Rocks of the Himalayas are Sedimentary rocks as rocks of the pleatean are Igneous and 

            Metamorphic  Rocks . 

Ans 2 : Nanga Parbat is the Western limit of the Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir whereas Namcha Barwa 

           is the Western limits of the Himalayas north of Arunachal Pradesh in Chinese territory .

Ans 3 : Lake manasarover is a fresh water lake and lake Sambhar is salt water lake .

Ans 4 : Rann of Kachchh is salt marsh whereas Sunder bans is a tidal forest .

Ans 5 : Andaman and Nicobar are peaks of submarine whereas Lakhwadeep islands are coral in origin .

class 8B

                         The Indian  sub - continent

Answer briefly : Page 140 

Q 1 : Name the countries that make up the Indian sub - continent ?

Ans : (page 140) The Indian  sub -continent comprises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from Nepal to Bhutan .

Q 2 : Why is India called a sub continent ?
Ans : (page 122) It is called a sub- continent because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ underlying unity .

Q 3 : Name the three ranges that make up the Himalayan system . Name one peak or town on each range .
Ans : (page 127)The three chains (ranges) are :-
         i) Himadri or the great Himalayas - Average height 6000 m e.g Mt Everest and Kanchenjunga .
        ii) Himachal or lesser Himalayas - Average height 4500 m e.g Shimla and Darjeeling .
       iii) The Shivaliks or the outer Himalayas - average height 2000 m . e.g Dehra Dun .

Q 4 : Mention any three ways in which the northern are valuable to India .
Ans : (Page 128) The value of the northern mountain wall . (point no 1 to 6)

Q  5 : Describe the Indo Gangetic plains in three sentences .
Ans : (page 128 & 129) The northern plains are called the Indo-Gangetic plains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
        important agricultural and industrial region .

Q 6 : State three points of difference between rivers of North India and those of South India .
Ans : (Page no 133 box) Notes given earlier .

Q 7 : Name the Western and eastern limits of the Himalayan range
Ans : (page 135) more facts point no 7 .

Q 8 : Give a short geological history if the young fold mountains of the north and the Indo Gangetic plains .
Ans : page no 128; In  the distant past about a hundred million years ago _ _ _ _ _ _ to  form the Northern
         Plains .
Q 9 ; why  is the Thar ,a desert ?
Ans : page 125 ; the Thar desert is a desert because _ _ _ _ _ _ eastern branch of the monsoon .

Q 10 : State three points of differences between the Western and Eastern Ghats .
Ans : page 130/notes given  earlier ; The Western Ghats rise in steep steps _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ average
        height of 450 metres with a maximum of 1200 metres .
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class VIII B Assignment - 2

                                Moisture in the atmosphere

Q 1 : What is evaporation ? (page no 47) 

Ans : The change of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ is known as evaporation .

Q 2 : What is Relative Humidity ? ( page 48)

Ans : Relative Humidity is the ratio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ expressed as a percentage .

Q 3 : What is absolute humidity ? ( page 48 )

Ans :  Absolute humidity is _ _ _ _ _ _ _per cubic centimetre of air .

Q 4: Name the instrument that shows the relative humidity of a place . ( Page 48 )

Q 5 : What is dew point ? ( Page 48 

Ans : Dew point the temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ tiny droplets of water .

Q 6 : What is condensation ? ( page 48 )

Ans : When air is cooled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is called condensation .

Q 7 : How are cloud formed ? ( Page 49 )

Ans : There are large quantities of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and form clouds .

Q 8 : Describe the four basic types of clouds ? ( page 49 )

Q 9 : When does precipitation occur ?  page 50 )

Ans : When  condensation takes place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is called precipitation .

Q 10 : What are the different forms of precipitation ? ( page 50 )

Q 11 : How are hailstones formed ? (page 50 )

Ans : Hailstones are small lumps of ice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that fall to the earth .

Q 12 : How does snow fall occur ? ( page 50 )

Ans : When the air temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is known as snowfall .

Q 13 : What is sleet ? page 50

Q 14 : How is convectional rainfall caused ?  page 50 )

Ans  When  the warm air rises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . It is typical of equatorial regions .

Q 15 : How is relief rainfall caused ? ( page 50 & 51 )

Ans : Relief rain is caused _ _ _ _ _ leeward side or rain shadow .

Q 16 : What is cyclonic rainfall ? Name the regions which receive cyclonic rainfall ? page 51

Ans : Cyclonic rainfall originates  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from the Mediterranean Sea .

( Dear boys of class 8 B I hope that you will do the rest exercises like fill in the blanks etc on your own with the help of your text book )

Assignment for class VII - A English LIiterature

                          The Story of William Tell .

Q 1 : Why did the Swiss people hate Gessler ?
Ans : The Swiss people hated Gessler because he was a cruel ruler who was full of wickedness and
         pride .
Q 2 : Why did Gessler have his hat placed on the top of a pole ?
Ans : Gessler had his hat placed on the top of a pole because he was full of pride and he ordered that
         everyone who passed the pole had to bow down .
Q 3 : What did Tell do when he saw the hat ?
Ans : Tell was a very good and brave man and he did not obey the order . He walked past Gessler's
         hat and laughed when Gessler's soldiers ordered him to bow down .
Q 4 : What was Tell famous for ?
Ans : William Tell was famous throughout the country as  the hunter . He was said to be the best shot with a
         bow and an arrow for miles and miles around .
Q 5 : What punishment did Gessler give to Tell ?
Ans : Gessler ordered his soldiers to catch hold of William Tell's son and made the boy stand under a tree .
         An apple was placed on the boy's head . Then Gessler told Tell that he had heard that he was the best
         shot in the whole of Switzerland . Hence if he could shoot the apple of his boy's head , he could
         go free .
Q 6 : Why did Tell not agree to shoot the apple ?
Ans : Tell did not agree to  shoot the apple because he said that although he was a god shot no man alive
        could be sure be hitting so small target from so great distance . If his arrow missed the apple by so
        much as a hair , it would kill his son .
Q 7 : What did Gessler say would happen if Tell did not obey him ?
Ans : If Tell did not obey him Gessler said that both he and his son would be killed .

Q 8 : What did Tell's son say to his father when he heard about Gessler's  orders ?
Ans : William Tell's son told his father not to fear and that he would stand very shrill ; he would not move
         at all and that he was not afraid .

Q 9 : Why did the people cheer when the shooting was over ?
Ans : The people cheered when the shooting was over because they could not help praising the courage
          and the shrill of both father and son .
Q 10 : Why did Tell keep his second arrow in the quiver ?
Ans : Tell kept the arrow in the quiver just in case if he missed and killed his son then he would it to kill
         Gessler .

Class X Geography CH. Minerals

Q.26] Mention two uses of manganese .
Ans] Manganese is an important mineral ---------- increases the strength of steel. [pg 117]
Q.27] Name two leading producers of manganese.
Ans] Orissa & Karnataka.
Q.28 a] Why is bauxite important?
Ans] Bauxite is the raw material for Aluminium ------------- aluminium oxides.
       b] Which states lead in the production of it ?
Ans] Orissa, Jharkhand ,are the major producers .
28.a] Name major lime stone- producing areas ?
Ans] Large reserves are found ----------- main producers of limestone .
      b] Name one producing district in the following states of MP & Rajasthan .
Ans] Madhya Pradesh : limestone is mined -------------- Bikaner &Ajmer districts.
      c] Name any two products for which limestone is used as a raw material.
Ans] Its used in various industries ---------------- glass & fertilisers.
Q.30] Match the column A with column B .
Ans] Answer it with the help of your text book .

Class X Geography ch. minerals

2] What is meant by Ore?
 Ans] Rocks containing ---------- before their use .[ pg 112 ]
3] State the importance of coal as a source of power ?
Ans] Coal is the basic source of energy ------------ are of immense use .[ pg 112 ]
4] Which is the largest producer of coal in South Asia ?
India is the largest --------- bituminous coal . [ pg 113 ]
5] Mention four different varieties of coal
Ans] [refer to notes earlier given ]
6] State the significance of petroleum as a source of power ?
Ans] Petroleum is used ---------- Vaseline , tal , soap et c .[pg 113 ]
7] Name the important oil mining areas of Gujarat ?
Ans] Gujarat : Ankleshwar ----------- Dholka . [ pg 114]
8] How is iron - ore very important for us ?
Ans] Iron ore is useful --------- building dams & bridges .
9] What is the position of India in iron ore ?
Ans] India is the world's sixth ------------- major exporter country . [pg 117 ]
10] What are the uses of coal ?
Ans] Same answer as Question No. 3.

Assignment for class IX Nine ;Assignment 4; Economic application

Long answer questions :
With the help of your text book solve the following questions :-

1) What are the functions of the WTO ? (any four) Page 197
2) what are the features of a MNC? page 199 [any four ]
3) Explain any four functions of a MNC. page(199/ 200)
4) What benefits (any four ) have been brought about in India economy or business scenario with the advent of MNC's in India ?

Class IX Nine Economic Application Assignment 3

Chapter: World Trade Organisation (WTO & Multinational organisation)

Write the help of your prescribed book solve the following questions :


Q 1 : What factors led to the development of the regulatory organisations in International market ? [ pg .196]
 Ans : With the growth of International Business Bodies _ _ _ _ _ _ balanced growth of trade .

Q 2 : What is GATT ?  [ pg . 196 ]
Ans : GATT was formed ----------- signed by 92 countries . It is a forum  -----------friendly relations among its members .

Q 3 : What is UNCTAD  ? [pg 196 ]
Ans : The United Nation Conference ------------ Less Developed Countries .

Q 4 : When and with how many members did WTO start ? [pg 197]

Q 5 : What are the objectives of WTO ? [pg 197 ] .

Q 6 : Define MMC . Give few examples . [ pg 198/ 198 ] .
Ans : A multinational corporation refers ---------- called host countries .

Class 8 Geography Ch. The Indian sub -continent__ Physical features MAP WORK PRACTICE.

With the help of your atlas , on the outline map of India , mark with appropriate colour and name :-

MOUNTAINS  AND PLATEAUS : Himalayas , Karakoram , Aravalis , Vidhyas, Satpura ,Western and Eastern Ghats , Nilgiri ,Garo ,Khasi, Jaintianhill, Deccan Plateau ,Chota Nagpur Plateau ,Malwa Plateau .

PLAINS : Indo -Jangetic Plains , Coastal Plains-Konkon ,Malabar ,Coromandel , Northern Circars .

RIVERS : Indus, Ravi , Beas , Chenab ,Jhelum , Satluj , Ganga , Yamuna , Ghagra , Gomti , Gandak , Kosi
Chambal , Betwa ,Son , Damodar , Brahmaputra , Narmada , Tapti , Mahanadi , Godavari , Krishna, Kaveri , Tungabhadra .

WATER BODIES : Gulf of Kachchh , Gulf of Khambhat , Gulf of Mannar , Palk Strait , Andaman Sea ,
Chilika Lake ,

PASSES : Nathula Pass , Zoji La , Shipki La ,Bomdi La ,

LATITUDE & LONGITUDE : Tropic of Cancer , Standard Meridian  ( 82.5` E )

TOWNS & CITIES : Delhi , Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai , Hyderabad , Bengaluru , Kochi , Arinagar ,
Vishakapatanam , Allahbad .

Class 6 A ENG. LANGUAGE

Q.1) Read the comprehension passage carefully given on pg 42 Haydn Richards 

"The Royal Mint" and answer the questions given.

Q.2) Write a composition of about 150- 200 words on "A House On Fire." 

Assignment of class VI - A

  Chapter - FESTIVALS OF INDIA

Q 1 )  How do people celebrate Gokul Ashtami ?

Ans :  The people celebrate their birthday of Lord Krishna on Gokul Ashtami . The streets are filled with    

          men and boys singing and dancing . They hold hands and form a long of chain and they dance . The 

          men make a tall pyramid by climbing on one another's shoulder . The man write on the top of the 

          human pyramid then breaks the pot hung high up above the street . They usually find some money            

          inside the pot which they share among themselves .

Q 2) Which is the most important  Muslim festival ?

Ans : The most important Muslim festival is Ramzan Id . It comes at the end of the month of fasting for all

         Muslim .

Q 3) Which important festival do the Sikhs observe ?

Ans : The important festival the Sikhs observe is the Birthday of Guru Nanak __ a great saint of the Sikhs .    

Q 4) What is the Parsee new year day ?

Ans : The important festival of the Parsee is Pateti . The day after that is their new year .

Q 5) Why is Christmas celebrated ?

Ans : Christmas is celebrated by Christian all over the world to mark the birthday of lord Jesus Christ . 

Q 6) Why is Diwali called the " Festival of Lights " ?

Ans : Diwali is called the " Festival of Lights " because throughout the country even the poorest home is            

         decorated with rose of clay lamps lit with oil . In the evening the people burst crackers and let off all        

         sorts of fireworks .

Q 7) Why do Hindu businessman consider Diwali and important day ?

Ans : Hindu businessman consider Diwali as important day because it is the beginning of their business year .

Q 8) What does Vasant dance represent ?

Ans : The Vasant dance represents a change of seasons . It tells us about the coming of spring .

Q 9) Why do people spray colour on one another at Holi ?

Ans : The people spray colour on one another at  Holi because the colours represent the bright look that 

         nature puts on in spring .

Q 10) Which are the national holidays observed in our country ?

Ans : The national holiday observed in our country are Independence day on 15th of August , Republic day on 26th of January and Gandhi Jayanti on 2nd of October

continuation of chapter Minerals (Iron ore and its types)

TYPES OF IRON ORE :-

a) MAGNETITE :-
  This is the best quality of iron - ore and contains 72 percent pure iron. It possesses magnetite
   property,hence it is called magnetite It is found in Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand,Orissa, Chattisgarh, Goa
   and Karnataka. It is dark brown to black in colour.

b) HAEMATITE :-
It contains 60 to 70 percent pure iron and is reddish in colour.It is found in Andhra Pradesh,Jharkhand,
Orissa,Chattisgarh,Goa,Karnataka and Maharastra.

c) LIMONITE :
It contains 40 to 60 percent iron and is yellow or light brown in colour. It is found in Raniganj (west Bengal ),
Garhwal (Uttaranchal,),and Kangra Valley (Himachal Pradesh)

d ) SIDERITE :-
It is inferior ore and h
as many impurities.It has only 40 to 50 percent pure iron.

Assignment 4 ( notes) for class X

Difference between Gond Wana Coal fields & Tertiary coal fields :-

Gond Wana coal fields :

1) Older - 250 million years old .

2) Low percentage of moisture .

3) Contains sulphur and phosphorus in small quantity .

4) High carbon content .

5) Mainly bituminous .

                                   whereas

Tertiary coal fields :

1) Younger - 15 to 60 million years old .

2) High percentage of moisture .

3) Contains large amount of sulphur & phosphorous .

4) Low carbon content .

5) Mainly peat & lignite .

Geography Chapter MINERALS for class X - Assignment 3

Varieties of coal :-
Depending upon the percentage of carbon present four varieties of coal are available :-
i) ANTHRACITE :
  a) It is the best quality and contains above ninety percent carbon content .
  b) It is hard compact and black in colour .
  c) It is found only in Jammu and Kashmir in small quantity .

ii) BITUMINOUS :
   a) it is the most widely used variety of coal and contains about 75 - 85 percent carbon content .
   b) it's calorific value is very high due to high proportion of carbon and low moisture content .
   c) It is mainly used for heating , steam , rising and production of coke .
   d) It is mostly found in Jharkhand , Orissa , West Bengal , Chattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh .

iii) LIGNITE :
    a) It  is also called brown coal . It is of inferior quality . it is friable in nature .
    b) It contains more of moisture and less of combustible matter.
    c) It is used by railways and tea factories of Assam and West Bengal.
     d) It is found in Pallu of Rajasthan ,Neyveli in Tamil Nadu, Lakhimpur in Assam and Riasi in Kashmir.
 
iv) PEAT: 
a) It has very poor carbon content.
b) It  is the first stage of transformation of wood to coal.
c) It emits more smoke and leaves a lot of ash after burning.
d) It is found in Jharkhand (Bihar)
________________________________________________________________________________

Assignment for class IX economic application chapter 16 - GLOBALIZATION

I ) Solve the following short answer question with the help of your book :

a) What is Globalisation ?
b) Explain  pull and push factors leading to  globalisation ?
c) What is meant by economic liberalisation ?
d) Write a few advantages of liberalised economy .
e) What is the impact of economic liberalisation ?

II ) Solve the following long answer questions with the help of your text book : 

a) What are the main factors that led to globalisation ?
b) What steps are taken by the INDIAN Government for globalisation of economy ?
c) Explain the objectives of economic liberalization .
d) What are the draw backs of globalisation ?
e) What are the steps taken to liberalize the economy ?

ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS IX ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS

Chapters 15 & 13 are coming for second card test

Chapter  15 :- Consumer Awareness

I ) solve the following short answer question with the help of your prescribed text book .  

  a) Who is a consumer ?

 b) What is consumer exploitation ?

 c) What is consumer awareness ?

 d) What is meant by consumer protection ?

 e) What is  COPRA and when did it come into force ?

 f ) What is RTI and  when did it come into force ?

 g)What are the different rights assigned to the citizen of India to collect information ( under the R T I Act) ?

II ) solve the following long answer questions with the help of your text book.

 1) Write a note on the your ways in which a consumer is exploited. 

 2) Explain the reasons or factors causing consumer exploitation .

 3) What is the need of consumer protection (four reasons ) and what are the three factors (methods) 

     responsible for consumer protection ?

 4) Briefly describe the three consumer disputes redressal agencies .

 5 ) Discuss the seven rights of consumers .

 6) Mention seven important responsibilities of a consumer.

 7) Discuss the role of voluntary organisations in consumer education (four ways)

Assignment for class X(geography)

chapter VII : Water resources

Answer the following following with help of the book :-

Q 1 : Give reasons  why  irrigation is necessary in India . (answer is on page 102 )

Q 2 : What are the different types of irrigation practised in India .
Ans : a) Primitive methods - page 103 .
        b) Modern methods - i ) Tube wells , ii ) Perennial canals, iii ) Sprinklers, iv ) Drip irrigation - in drip
            irrigation water is directly taken to the roots of the plants and trees . A plastic tube is used  which has
            small holes through which water keeps on dripping  steadily . Hence the name drip irrigation .


Q 3 : a ) What do you understand by tank irrigation . (answer is on page 103 )
        b ) State two disadvantage of tank irrigation . ( answer is on page 106 )

Q 4 : What is the main difference between  inundation canals and perennial canals ?
Ans :  Inundation canals ( page 106 ) These canals are " flood water" canals ...............................regulating
         system like weirs at their heads .
         Perennial canals are those canals which are taken out from the perennial rivers by constructing a weir
         to regulate the flow of water . Most canals belong to these group .

Q 5 : Give two reasons why well irrigation is more important  in the northern India  than in the southern India
         ( answer is on page 103 ) .
Ans : Wells are found ................... where the soil is soft to allow digging wells .

Q 6 : Give two reasons why tube well irrigation is more important than ordinary wells for irrigation .(PG 106)
Ans : A tube well can water ......... They are also suited to small holdings .

Q 7 : a) Name two states in which tank irrigation is more important than in any other state in INDIA .
             (PG 106)
         b) Name two states where tube wells are used extensively. (PG 106)
         c) What factors allow the construction of tube wells in the states named ? (PG 106)
Ans :     There must be sufficient supplies of ground water and fairly close to the surface ........ recovered
             from increased farm production .
Q 8 : Explain two disadvantages of well irrigation : (PG 103)
Ans :  Wells are dried up during the summers ........................it is brackish (salty).

Q 9 : With reference to the BHAKARA NANGAL PROJECT (Answer page 109)

Q 10 : What is rain water water harvesting ?
  Ans : Rain water harvesting is the activity of collecting rain water directly or recharging it into the ground
          to improve ground water storage in the aquifer . It is the most important technique of storing water and        
          later using it for various purposes . In these method rain water is collected on the roof tops and is
         directed to dry tanks .

Q 11 : Mention two methods by which it is carried out . (PG 111)
  Ans : There are many low cost methods ........ stop dams on small streams .

Q 12 : Give reasons why tank irrigation is important in Deccan peninsula . (page 103)

Q 13 : What are the merits and demerits of canal irrigation  . (PG 103)

Q 14 : Mention the objectives of rain water harvesting . (PG 111)

Assignment for class 6A Literature

Chapter :Written in March by William Wordsworth

Q 1 : Which season is described by the poet in this poem ?

Ans: The spring season  is described by the poet in this poem .The changes that take place in nature at  the    beginning of this season is that the stream  flows , the small birds twitter , the lake glitters and the green fields sleep in the sun .

Q 2 : What is meant by saying that the green field sleeps ?
Ans : The green field sleeps means  the cold winter season the fields are green with fresh grass and they
         seem to bask or enjoy the bright sunshine of the spring .

Q 3 : Quote the lines in the poem containing a striking simile and explain it .
Ans : The simile in the poem is Like an army defeated the snow hath retreated . It means that in winter
        season the whole landscape was covered with snow but with the advent if spring season with its bright
        sunny days , The snow has melted away . The snow has been referred to as the enemy because it
        brings hardships to the people in the winter .



Q 4 : Why do the cattle not raise their heads while they are grazing ?
Ans : The cattle do not raise their their heads while they are grazing because  with the coming of spring the
         meadows are full of fresh green grass and there is plenty of food available .

Q 5 : Which words suggest the sound of the plough-boy's shouts ?
Ans : The words whooping anon-anon suggest the sound of the plough boy's shouts .

Q 6 : Explain the following :

   a) There are forty feeding like one !
Ans : The whole herd of cattle are busy are busy grazing with their heads down  and and when watched from    
        above they look as one .


    b) There's life in the fountains .
Ans : In the winter the streams are frozen but in spring the streams are flowing with water and have plenty of    
         fish .

    c) Blue sky prevailing .
Ans : In the winter the sky is dull and overcast and there is mist and  fog but  in the spring the sky is clear and
        blue and there is bright sunshine . 

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questions and answers for class 8B

Syllabus for second card test are chapters 5 & 6.

______________________________________________________

Chapter  6 : Winds ~ .

F : Answer briefly :-

 1) Ferrel's  law  states that all moving bodies get deflected from their straight path to their  right in the northern                       

    hemisphere and to their left in the southern hemisphere due to the rotation of the earth.

2) Two points of  similarities between sea breeze and land breeze and monsoon winds are :

      a) both are caused by differential rate of heating and cooling of land and water.

      b) both reverse their direction periodically and derive  their name accordingly.

3) The two points of contrast are as follows :

   a) Land breeze and sea breeze reverse their their direction in the course in one day . Sea breeze during        

       the  day and land breeze at  night . North east &  South west monsoons do so seasonally in summer and

      winter respectively .

  b) The sea breeze does not bring rainfall as the period during which they blow is not enough for collecting

      moisture from the sea , while the monsoons bring rainfall  as they blow for sufficient length of time .

4) Katabatic winds : On a clear , still , cloudy nights , the mountain tops loose their heat  rapidly due to    

                                radiation . Dense cold air descends the valley slopes under the influence of 

                                gravity . Soon the valley floor gets cold an inversion of temperature takes place .

                                Because of the cold mountain winds which give rise to frost , citrus groves in California                                                                

                                and coffee in Brazil  are grown on hilly slopes than on valley floors . Descending winds

                                are said to be Katabatic winds .

   Anabatic winds : During the day in the hilly areas , warm rises from the valley floors up the slope to        

                               the places of the warm air that has risen from the mountain tops . These ascending winds

                               cause rain when they rise and condense . They are known as Valley winds .

5) While cyclones bring bad whether , anticyclones bring good whether , blue skies , gentle breeze . In an
    anticyclone ,descending air current causes a high pressure centre from which light breeze blow outwards .  

  

Geography for class 10 A/B

Selection Exam Syllabus 

chap 4: climate of INDIA

chap 6: natural vegetation of INDIA

chap 7: water resourses

chap 8:  minerals of INDIA

chap 13: mineral based industries

(and all the chapters done before mid-term exams including survey maps & INDIA

map work.)

Assignment  Work :

chap 6 :NATURAL VEGETATION OF INDIA

Q 2:Why are they important (forest) ?

ans: Importance of forest :-

      a) they are a store house of timber for house making and furniture,fuel,fruits,honey,bamboo+fibres.

      b) they provide employment to thousands of people.

      c) they provide raw materials to many industries e.g.paper.

     d) many other products like bees wax,materials for dying & tanning,oil,lac,are gifts of forests.

     e) they provide shelter to wildlife and a sanctuary to birds.

     f) forest provide soil erosion as the roots of the trees hold the soil together.

     g) forests help to absorb much of the sun's isolation and also cause rain.

     h) forest play an important role in the development if soils and enrich their fertility by supplying humus.

Q 4: What are the main in the for the shrinkage in forest area ?

ans: the main resources for the shrinkage in the forest area are  as follows:-

     a) open grazing-over grazing for cattle ,sheep and goats in the hilly areas damages the forest cover.

     b)shifting cultivation-  shifting cultivation by tribal in the hilly areas causes extensive damage .

     c)growing demand  for agricultural demand - with growing population ,demand for food products &

       agricultural raw materials has increased significantly .

   d)urbanisation and industrialisation  is also an important cause of  degradation in the forest area .

   e)cause of  hydro-electric projects  has caused displacement submergence of forest area .

   f)human activities like mining , quarrying, & building has resulted in deforestation on a large peal.